The impact of operational decisions on the design of salesforce incentives

When facing high levels of overstock inventories, firms often push their salesforce to work harder than usual to attract more demand, and one way to achieve that is to offer attractive incentives. However, most research on the optimal design of salesforce incentives ignores this dependency and assumes that operational decisions of production/inventory management are separable from design of salesforce incentives. We investigate this dependency in the problem of joint salesforce incentive design and inventory/production control. We develop a dynamic Principal‐Agent model with both Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection in which the principal is strategic and risk‐neutral but the agent is myopic and risk‐averse. We find the optimal joint incentive design and inventory control strategy, and demonstrate the impact of operational decisions on the design of a compensation package. The optimal strategy is characterized by a menu of inventory‐dependent salesforce compensation contracts. We show that the optimal compensation package depends highly on the operational decisions; when inventory levels are high, (a) the firm offers a more attractive contract and (b) the contract is effective in inducing the salesforce to work harder than usual. In contrast, when inventory levels are low, the firm can offer a less attractive compensation package, but still expect the salesforce to work hard enough. In addition, we show that although the inventory/production management and the design of salesforce compensation package are highly correlated, information acquisition through contract design allows the firm to implement traditional inventory control policies: a market‐based state‐dependent policy (with a constant base‐stock level when the inventory is low) that makes use of the extracted market condition from the agent is optimal. This work appears to be the first article on operations that addresses the important interplay between inventory/production control and salesforce compensation decisions in a dynamic setting. Our findings shed light on the effective integration of these two significant aspects for the successful operation of a firm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 320–340, 2014     

试论中小学校长专业发展素质构成要素

校长专业发展是指校长的专业素质结构不断更新、演进和丰富的过程。参照体现校长实现专业发展的五个方面内容,将态度和能力归纳为中小学校长专业化发展素质构成的重要维度。根据心理学理论的划分,将态度及能力的构成经过合理的整合,提出专业精神、专业知识和专业能力是中小学校长专业化发展素质构成的三大要素,并根据校长职业角色维度对三要素进行深入分析和细化,继而提出若干子要素,分析了各要素之间的关系,可作为中小学校长拟(初)从职人员参照依据。     

PCA和ICA的舰船尾流后向散射光信号检测

水体的后向散射光信号是舰船尾流后向散射光信号检测的常见干扰,由于其在频域十分接近且信号强度大于尾流信号,因此严重影响了有用信号的提取。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于主成分分析(PCA)和独立成分分析(ICA)相结合的尾流散射光信号检测方法。首先使用主成分分析对采集的散射光信号进行降维,去除冗余成分,之后使用基于负熵的F astICA算法对数据进行处理,分离了水体和舰船尾流的散射光信号,通过实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

A model to predict the residual life of aircraft engines based upon oil analysis data

This paper reports on a study using the available oil monitoring information, such as the data obtained using the Spectrometric Oil Analysis Programme (SOAP), to predict the residual life of a set of aircraft engines. The relationship between oil monitoring information and the residual life is established using the concept of the proportional residual, which states that the predicted residual life may be proportional to the wear increment measured by the oil analysis programmes. Assuming such a relationship between wear and the residual life exists, we formulated a recursive prediction model for the item's residual life given measured oil monitoring information to date. A set of censored life data of 30 aircraft engines (right censored due to preventive overhaul) along with the history of their monitored metal concentration information are available to us. The metal concentration information includes many variables, such as Fe, Cu, Al, etc.; not all of them are useful, and some of them may be correlated. The principal component analysis (PCA) has been adopted to reduce the dimension of the original data set and to produce a new set of uncorrelated variables, which we shall use in the prediction model. The procedure associated with estimating model parameters is discussed. The model is fitted to the actual SOAP data from the aircraft engines, and the goodness‐of‐fit test has been carried out. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

加权主成分TOPSIS法的防空导弹型号论证决策

针对防空导弹型号论证决策问题,讨论了影响型号论证的主要因素,建立了基于加权主成分TOPSIS法的防空导弹型号论证决策模型,实现了对新研制型号方案的综合评价和分析.在此基础上,通过实例验证了方法的实用性与有效性.论文的研究成果为防空导弹型号论证提供了辅助决策方法和智力支持.     

指挥军官任职培训效果评估量化指标体系研究

探讨了建立指挥军官任职培训效果评估量化指标体系应遵循的基本原则,提出了建立该指标体系的模型,运用基于主成分的因子分析方法研究了26项评估指标,确定了反映任职培训效果的5类指标类型,对指标类型的内涵进行了分析,说明建立的指标体系具有实际意义.     

基于主成分分析的通信方案优选评估

选择最优通信方案,是通信指挥员实施正确决策的重要前提。针对通信方案优选问题进行了分析研究,提出了通信方案评估指标。通过引入主成分分析法,对6套通信方案进行了综合评估,从而选出了最优通信方案。结果表明,提出的评估指标和评估方法可以辅助指挥员选择最佳方案,提高了决策的科学性。     

多尺度PCA-HOG遥感异源图像匹配算法

针对遥感异源图像匹配中非线性灰度畸变和强噪声干扰问题,提出一种基于主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis,PCA)和方向梯度直方图(Histogram of Oriented Gradients,HOG)的遥感异源图像匹配算法.该算法利用HOG提取图像间的几何结构共性特征,能有效克服异源...     

军用雷达成本波动的源头探索与关键控制

根据军用雷达成本涉及的各个方面,建立雷达成本波动评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法确定其重要影响因子及权重,构造具有望小特性的评价函数可用于竞标决策选优,为军用雷达成本控制提供即时管理。     

基于核主成分分析的高校科技创新能力评价研究

高校在国家创新体系中占有举足轻重的地位,高校科技创新能力评价研究对提高高校科技创新能力具有积极的意义.基于核主成分分析的评价方法能够有效去除高校科技创新能力评价指标体系中的废咝韵喙匦畔?从而取得较好的评价结果.以15所教育部直属高校科研统计数据为样本,利用核主成分分析法进行了高校科技创新能力评价的实证分析,并与主成分分析结果进行了比较,结果表明,核主成分分析能够取得更高的主特征值累积贡献率,从而产生更为合理的评价结果.